Julian Dies From a Battle Wound and Empire Splits Again When Did Theodosius the Second Takes Power

Twilight of the W

Gameworld

Geography

Maps

Larger-calibration version located hither.

Cities

Alexandria : Known colloquially as the Eternal Urban center, Alexandria sits in the Nile delta. It is a city of extremes. Some of the world's greatest scholarship takes place here, but also some of its seediest activities. The great female pagan mathematician Hypatia was murdered here in 405, some believe by a conspiracy of Christian monks. Alexandria is currently the seat of the Coptic church.

Antioch : The city was founded in 300 BC past a former general of Alexander the Dandy and was the center of the Seleucid Kingdom until 64 BC, when it was annexed past Rome and made capital of the province of Syria. Antioch became the tertiary-largest city in the Empire and was keystone in the defense of Asia Minor against the Persians, as well as an early on stronghold for Christianity. In fact, it was so important to Christianity due to the influence of the Apostles Peter and Paul that its bishops rank with Rome's and Alexandria's.

Aquileia : Founded in 181 BC as a Roman colony, the metropolis occupies a strategic location at the junction of 2 major roads connecting the provinces of Illyria, Pannonia and Noricum. It later on grew rapidly as a commercial and military middle, and was the capital of Venetia and Istria by the 4th century Advertising. Information technology was sacked past the Huns in 452 merely remains an of import city. Information technology is a metropolitan encounter in the Catholic church.

Athens (Athenae) : The most powerful of the Greek city-states during the 4th and 5th centuries BC, Athens' fortunes waned with its capitulation to Sparta in 404 BC. It gradually recovered, just never to its quondam prominence, and when the Roman general Sulla captured and sacked the city in 86 BC, the ascendence of the Roman Empire was assured. Athens has done well under Roman command, becoming once once again a major trading port and center of education. Although the walls of the city were rebuilt in the third century, Athens was captured and the lower town was sacked past the barbaric Heruli. It has since experienced a revival. The outer walls have been rebuilt once again, and information technology is one of the last remaining strongholds of paganism. The Athenian philosophical schools are legendary and a prime number source of the city's electric current image.

Belgrade (Singidunum) : An ancient fortress built by the Celts in the fourth century BC later became the Roman city of Singidunum. Located on three critical merchandise routes (the valleys of the Danube River, the Sava River, and the Morava/Vardar Rivers), Singidunum was an important garrison protecting Rome's heartland. It was destroyed by the Huns in 442 and has been contested ever since, having been afterward held by the Sarmatians, Ostrogoths and Gepids, who are currently ensconced there.

Budapest (Aquincum) :

Carthage (Carthago) : The majuscule of Rome's corking enemy in the 2d and 3rd centuries BC, Carthage is now the uppercase of the Vandal Kingdom in Africa. After Carthage was defeated in 146 BC, the state was salted to prevent any farther dwelling house of the site. Rome lifted the prohibition and founded a colony there in 122 BC, and within 100 years it was the center of the province of Africa. It grew to a prominence like to Alexandria and Antioch past the third century, simply has since declined. It has been troubled past religious squabbles during the fourth century.

Constantinopolis : Built in the seventh century BC, possibly by the Greek leader Byzas, who captured the peninsula on which the city stands. The city was razed past the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus in 196 AD, but he subsequently rebuilt information technology and named in Augusta Antonina. Constantine the Great chose this city as his capital in 330, establishing it once and for all as the center of the eastern administrative region of the divided empire to follow.

Probably the most impressive city in Europe, Constantinople is the capital of what remains of the Roman Empire. Information technology is currently the seat of ability of Emperor Anastasius besides as the second most powerful patriarch in the Cosmic church. Constantinople offers costless medical care and bread to the poor and practices surprising religious tolerance. The city has grown so much that a third wall was required early in the quaternary century.

Hippo Regius : An important naval base of operations on the African shore of the Mediterranean, Hippo is currently nether the control of the Vandals. The Donatist Schism was primarily centered in Hippo, merely was rooted out by its about famous citizen, St. Augustine, in 411. Augustine was bishop of Hippo from 395 to 430.

Jerusalem (Hierosolyma) :

London (Londinium) :

Lyon (Lugdunum) : A relatively unimportant military colony. Lugdunum was at i time the capital of Gaul, simply its early acceptance of Christianity was its downfall under the persecutions. The city was decimated in 197 AD by Lucius Septimius Severus, and has but begun to recover.

Milan (Mediolanum) : Founded by the Gauls in about 600 BC, the urban center was one of the about powerful in Cisalpine Gaul when it was captured past Rome in 222 BC. It continued to prosper until information technology became the second greatest metropolis in the Western Roman Empire, and was a primary authoritative centre there under Diocletian. Merely in 452, Attila the Hun destroyed much of the metropolis, and information technology has since declined in importance.

Nice (Nicaea) :

Ravenna : One of the oldest cities in Italia, Ravenna was outset settled by Italic people in around 1400 BC. It was after occupied past the Etruscans and the Gauls, and was taken by Rome in 191 BC. Information technology became the base of operations of Rome's Adriatic Sea fleet after the port of Classis was built almost the city. Emperor Honorius moved his court hither in 402 Advert when Rome was threatened by barbarians, and it has remained the capital of the Western Empire always since. It is currently the capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom under Theodoric and is undergoing a renaissance of rebuilding and beautifying. Ravenna is too an archbishopric and thus important to the Cosmic church.

Rome (Roma) : Center of the Western Roman Empire, and of European civilization itself, for vi centuries prior to its sack in 410, Rome is still a large and thriving city. Although the seat of government nether Theodoric has permanently shifted to Ravenna (where it had been, in fact, under many previous Emperors stretching back over two hundred years), the Senate still meets in Rome to decide questions of Roman law. Most barbarians still revere the urban center and consider it a mysterious and untouchably holy identify. The Catholic church building is centered hither.

Sofia (Serdica) : Founded in the eighth century BC by a local Thracian tribe, Serdica was conquered in 29 BC by the Roman Empire. It flourished and was the site of the Council of Serdica in 342-343 under Constantine the Neat. Later on becoming part of the Eastern Empire, Serdica was sacked by Attila and the Huns in 441-447.

Trier (Augusta Treverorum) : The site of an ancient shrine of the Germanic Treveri tribe, the Romans founded the town in xv BC. Strategically located at a crossroads, Trier became very important to Roman strategy in Gaul. Information technology was the capital of the Belgic partition of Gaul in the 2nd century Advertising, an regal seat in the 3rd, and, subsequently, the seat of the emperor responsible for Gaul and United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. Currently Frankish, Trier is a bishopric and a center for Christianity due north of the Alps.

Vienna (Vindobona) : Occupied by Rome in 15 BC, Vindobona was an of import regular army town, growing to a population of about 15,000 by the second century Advertisement. Information technology has been decimated by barbarian attacks since that time, withal, and currently is only a minor terminate in the road.

Timeline (302 Advertizement - Present Twenty-four hour period)

Date	Consequence
302	Emperor Diocletian orders the death of all Christians, just Rome has no efficient way to conduct out this task
305	Diocletian retires
312	Emperor Constantine defeats the usurper Maxentius
313	Constantine grants Christianity equality with other religions
324	Constantine defeats the East (under Licinius) and unites the Roman Empire. The same twelvemonth he founds Constantinople
337	Constantine dies. His three sons separate upwards the Empire - Constantine II takes Gaul, United kingdom and Spain, Constans takes Italy, and Constantius II takes the East.
338-350	East fights against Persians (Sassanids) in Mesopotamia
340	Constantine 2 invades Italian republic and is defeated and slain by Constans
350	Constans deposed and executed in a armed forces coup by Magnentius
353	Magnentius defeated and executed by Constantius Ii, who unifies the Empire and executes all possible usurpers of his ability
355	Julian, whose begetter and blood brother were killed in the purges of Constantius 2, becomes Augustus in the West
361	Constantius Two, jealous of Julian's growing ability, sets off to attack him, just dies in transit. The Empire is again unified, now under Julian
363	Julian dies and Jovian is selected new Emperor past his troops
364	Jovian dies and is replaced by Valentinian, a Christian military commander from Illyricum, in the West and Valens in the Due east
364	Barbarians incursions become problematic. Anglo-Saxons, Picts, and Irish attack United kingdom, but are repulsed by 369
374	German and Sarmatian tribes cantankerous the Danube and invade Pannonia
375	Valentinian dies and is succeeded by his son, Gratian
376	Under pressure from the advancing Huns, the Visigoths are immune to settle in Moesia in the East by Valens, but soon revolt due to poor treatment
378	Valens leads an army against the Visigoths and is destroyed at the Battle of Adrianople. Valens is killed, and Gratian appoints Theodosius the new Emperor of the East
c.375-c.390	The Christian Emperors Gratian and Theodosius pursue a policy of religious intolerance towards pagans and heretics such as Arians and Manichaeans
380	Gratian captured and beheaded while on a campaign in Gaul. The usurper Maximus declares himself Emperor of the West
382	Theodosius defeats Maximus, has him executed, and installs Valentinian's son every bit the real Emperor of the West: Valentinian II
392	Pagans revolt, assassinating Valentinian Ii, and declare their own Emperor, Eugenius
394	Theodosius arrives from the East to destroy Eugenius and quell the revolt at the Battle of Frigidus
395	Theodosius dies of natural causes, leaving his heirs as successors - Honorius, 11, becomes Emperor of the West; Arcadius, 18, becomes Emperor of the Eastward. Honorius' regent is a one-half-Vandal, Stilicho
396	Sensing opportunity, the Visigoths under Alaric march into Thrace and threaten Constantinople.
397	Bolstered by Stilicho'due south troops, Constantinople resists the Visigoths, who and then go on to sack much of Greece. They eventually achieve an agreement with Arcadius and settle in Illyricum
397-407	Bishop Chrysostom of Constantinople pronounces many modern beliefs, including the sovereignty of the mutual people, equality of the sexes, and denunciation of kid labor. He is also a rabid anti-Semite. Considered highly dangerous by both Church and State, he is forced out only brought dorsum to power past popular stance.
399-402	Alaric leads the Visigoths into Italia but is defeated by Stilicho and forced to retreat to Illyricum
405	Radagaisus unites the Vandals, Suevi and Burgundians and invades Italy with virtually one-third of his forces. Stilicho'south forces again resist, execute Radagaisus, and destroy his army
406	Stilicho forges an alliance with the Franks and defeats the residuum of Radagaisus' ground forces, pushing them back into Frg. Stilicho allies with Alaric to invade the East
407	Huge force of Vandals, Suevi, Burgundians and Alans cross the Rhine into Gaul. Some make it to the Pyrenees. They encounter only light resistance, only strength Stilicho to delay the assail on the Eastward
408	Arcadius dies, and a power struggle ensues after which Theodosius II, vii, is named Emperor of the E. Honorius becomes suspicious of Stilicho's intentions and has him arrested and executed. Thirty thousand of Stilicho's German language troops desert and join Alaric's Visigoths, who cross the Alps and invade Italia
409	Stymied past the walls of Ravenna (where sat Emperor Honorius), Alaric's forces attain Rome and congregate it. Alaric demands a massive ransom in gold and silver to spare the city
410	Later on over a year of unprofitable negotiations, Alaric enters Rome and sacks it for three days. The news is heralded far and wide every bit the end of civilisation
412	Alaric dies, and the Visigoths migrate into southern Gaul
418	Honorius secures peace with the Visigoths via the marriage of his sister Placidia to their new leader, Atauf, and grants them legal domain in Gaul
423	Honorius dies and is succeeded by Placidia'due south half-dozen-year-old son, Valentinian Three. Placidia, as regent, places control of the Roman military machine in the hands of Aetius
425	Vortigern rises to power in Celtic United kingdom
428	Eighty thousand Vandals cantankerous the Strait of Gibraltar into Africa and brainstorm to conquer
430	The Vandals besiege and eventually overrun Hippo, a fortified African urban center
431	Third Ecumenical Quango meets at Ephesus to denounce Nestorianism (the doctrine that Christ had a dual nature, both homo and divine). Nestorianism remains pop, however
434	Celts under Vortigern marry with the Anglo-Saxons to boxing the Picts and Scots
c.435-c.445	Aetius successfully defends Rome against invastions of Burgundians and Franks and uprisings in Spain and Gaul
435	Roua, leader of the Huns, dies, leaving the kingship to exist shared between Attila and his older brother
441	Theodosius II stops paying tribute to the Huns, who retaliate by attacking Illyricum and razing Belgrade and Sofia. The Huns subjugate the Ostrogoths and reach the walls of Constantinople. Theodosius triples the annual tribute and the Huns withdraw
442	Anglo-Saxons assault Vortigern's ground forces over a dispute in their pact
443-c.450	Angles, Jutes and Saxons invade Britain while running from the Huns. The Picts cantankerous Hadrian's Wall. Celts flee into hiding or across to the continent
445	Attila murders his brother and rules the Huns alone
447	The Huns invade Greece merely are stopped at Thermopylae
450	Theodosius 2 dies and is succeeded by Marcian, who is not recognized past Valentinian 3
451	Attila allies with the Franks and Vandals and crosses the Rhine into Gaul, where he devastates the land. He is defeated past Aetius at the Battle of Catalaunian Fields, losing over half of his 300,000-homo army
451	Fourth Ecumenical Council meets at Chalcedon and defeats the Monophysite theory, which holds that Christ has a single blended nature. The accepted theory, proposed by Bishop Leo I of Rome, is that Christ has two natures (divine and human) simply is equanimous of just one substance
452	Attila invades Italia and sacks Milan. He approaches Rome merely retreats when supplies run curt, plague breaks out, and military forces from the East draw near
453	The Huns settle in Hungary. Attila dies and the Hunnic Kingdom, such every bit it was, dissolves
454	Valentinian III murders Aetius in cold blood
455	Valentinian Three is assassinated past two of Aetius' retainers. A ability vacuum ensues, and Petronius Maximus seizes power. The Vandals sense opportunity, land a large forcefulness in Italy, and lead the 2d sack of Rome, systematically removing all movable valuables and taking thousands of prisoners. Petronius Maximus is killed past a mob while trying to escape the city

456	Power devolves to Ricimer, a barbarian military commander, who appoints the next Emperor, Majorian, as a puppet ruler
457	Marcian dies and is succeeded by Leo in the East
461	Disappointed with Majorian, Ricimer has him executed and appoints Libius Severus in his identify
465	Libius Severus dies and is replaced past Anthemius, a fellow member of the royal family of the East
472	Ricimer executes Anthemius after a failed campaign confronting the Vandals
473	Ricimer dies. Leo appoints Nepos Emperor of the Westward
474	Leo dies and is succeeded by Zeno in the East
475	A Western military commander, Orestes, defeats Nepos and drives him into exile. Orestes appoints his son, Romulus Augustulus, Emperor
476	The barbarian Odovacar demands federate status for his Ostrogothic troops and is rejected. He arrests Orestes and Romulus and executes Orestes. Romulus is forcibly retired, and Odovacar becomes the kickoff barbarian king of Italy. He is never recognized, however, by Zeno
481	Clovis becomes Rex of the Franks
482	Theodoric Strabo dies, leaving Theodoric (later on "The Great") sole leader of the Ostrogoths
486	The Ostrogoths under Theodoric threaten Constantinople, only are pursuaded to move confronting Odovacar instead
486	Franks under Clovis defeat Syagrius, the last Roman ruler in Gaul
488	Theodoric crosses into Italian republic and engages Odovacar, defeating him in a series of battles
491	Zeno is succeeded past Anastasius as Emperor of the E
493	Odovacar is pinned down in his capital, Ravenna, and a truce is arranged. Theodoric kills Odovacar at a festival feast and claims sole kingship of Italy
493	Clovis marries Clotilda, a Burgundian and a devout Catholic
496	Clovis engages the Alamanni and, facing defeat, he exhorts Christ to bring him victory. The Franks eventually triumph, and Clovis becomes a Catholic
497	Theodoric is recognized as Rex of Italy by Anastasius

Applied science

For farther data, please check Aboriginal Roman Applied science.

Materials

This is the Iron Age, so fe is readily available. Steel tin exist produced, but is very expensive and difficult. A sword, for instance, is more likely to take an fe core with steel edges than a solid steel blade. Most armor is made of iron, just fine armor fabricated of steel is available at 15x cost. (This gives +1 DR.) Gilded, silver, copper, pb, and tin can are other mutual metals. The kickoff iii are generally used for currency. Can and copper are combined to make bronze (used for currency as well as some cheap weaponry and armor). Atomic number 82 is soft and workable and is often used for pipes and fittings.

Ceramics are used for pottery and tableware, and in such applications every bit roof tiles and drainage pipes. The related fine art of brick-making is well-developed and thriving. Glass-making is surprisingly mature, simply expensive. Glass windows are not common but may be produced - large ones volition e'er have some inherent baloney. Drinking glass containers are non as common as ceramic ones, simply the rich may own quite intricate pieces.

Machines

The primary source of power at this fourth dimension is slave labor, which is cheap and readily available. So no corking investment has e'er been made in special machinery. Waterwheels do exist in some areas, merely most mills utilize animals or slaves. Vino and olive presses utilise slaves. The copying of books is more often than not washed by teams of monks. In general, muscle power reigns.

The primary exceptions to this are in the armed forces. There are several engines of state of war which utilise machine power to dilate the deportment of a few men. Trebuchets can throw rocks as far every bit half a mile, damaging wooden and simple rock structures (although dressed stone tin can resist this attack). Ballistae can fire iii-human foot bolts hundreds of meters, and the smaller scorpions are man-portable versions of the same, somewhat less powerful. Melee-level crossbows are as well available, just not considered very constructive.

Construction

Stone walls were built by rock and mortar, or from concrete with stone facings and aggregate. Bricks and mortar were also commonly used. Roofs could be made of wood, thatch, or ceramic tile. Large cities often independent multistory flat buildings, which were fairly unsafe to alive in as they tended to collapse.

The roads and bridges were more indelible. At that place is a vast network of roads connecting all the major cities in Europe, and bridges over most of the rivers that can exist bridged. Due to limitations in underwater structure and the lack of iron as a structure material, wide rivers such every bit the Rhine and Danube must still be crossed by boat.

Household/Everyday Technology

Unknown Engineering science

Medical engineering science is essentially unknown. The germ theory of medicine is over a millennium from being discovered, so keeping wounds clean is non a priority. It should be noted that Romans do proceed quite clean (hence the baths), but this is associated not with disease merely rather with social graces. Given this, it is surprising to find that the Romans could do surgery at all. But very general types of surgery were known and did not e'er impale the patient. The most reliable forms of medical treatment past far are herbal and ritual preparations.

This also goes for disease treatment. Plagues were quite common and could devastate the populations of towns and major cities. Quarantine was the best "handling" known. Illness was considered to be a reflection of the wrath of the gods and could be dealt with best by appeasing those gods.

Economic system

Wine, Olive Oil, Atomic number 26, Grain, Wool, Gold, Tin, Horses, Silk, Drinking glass, Ivory, Dearest...

Who's Who

Alaric II :

Boethius : Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius is a Roman scholar and Christian philosopher, born in 472 to a privileged Christian family. His father, a one-time Roman delegate, died when he was fifteen, and Boethius was subsequently raised by Quintus Aurelius Memmius Symmachus and married his daughter Rusticiana. He is currently studying such arcane subjects as the theories of music and mathematics, and has published works on both subjects in Greek.

Cassiodorus :

Clovis :

Theodoric : Theodoric's rise to power over the Ostrogoths was mainly afflicted by ii other rulers: Emperor Zeno of Byzantium and Theodoric Strabo, who ruled the larger part of the Ostrogoths. Strabo was the leader recognized past Zeno, simply Theodoric'southward success in putting down two rebellion'south against Byzantium gained him favor also. When Strabo died mysteriously in 482, Theodoric was left as leader of the Ostrogoths.

He continued to arouse in the E as his relationship with Zeno waxed and waned. Finally, Zeno convinced Theodoric to accept on the barbarian King Odovacar, who was distasteful to the Romans. They commencement engaged in battle in 488 and, afterwards a five-year campaign, Odovacar was left only with Ravenna, his capital. Afterward a length siege, a truce was signed in which the two kings agreed to share power. At the celebration feast, Theodoric slew Odovacar in cold blood with his own sword, ending the reign of Odovacar with a finality that drew public criticism but much private affirmation. Emperor Anastasius of the East recognized Theodoric as Rex of Italia in 497.

Theodoric's bloody ascent has not been indicative of his afterwards career. While he is illiterate and unquestionably a barbarian, Theodoric has as well demonstrated reverence for Roman civilization. He has upheld the Laws of Rome, begun vast edifice and repair projects, and left Romans in ability. He has also begun to forge new alliances with the other barbaric powers that printing Italy on each side.

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